Article 16 LCA
解雇権濫用法理 (Abuse-of-rights doctrine)
A dismissal must be objectively reasonable and socially acceptable; otherwise it is invalid. Most contested terminations turn on this.
Article 19 LSA
解雇制限期間 (Dismissal-restriction period)
Dismissal is barred during medical leave for a work-related injury or illness plus 30 days, and during maternity leave plus 30 days. No exceptions for cause.
Article 20 LSA
解雇予告 (30-day notice rule)
Dismissal requires 30 days' advance notice or 30 days of average-wage payment in lieu (or any combination summing to 30 days).
Article 22 LSA
退職事由証明書 (Certificate on request)
On the worker's written request, the employer must issue a written certificate stating the items the worker selected: employment period, type of work, position, wage, reason for separation.